Yesaya 3:6

3:6 Indeed, a man will grab his brother

right in his father’s house ¹  and say, ² 

‘You own a coat –

you be our leader!

This heap of ruins will be under your control.’ ³ 

Yesaya 9:19-20

9:19 Because of the anger of the Lord who commands armies, the land was scorched, ⁴ 

and the people became fuel for the fire. ⁵ 

People had no compassion on one another. ⁶ 

9:20 They devoured ⁷  on the right, but were still hungry,

they ate on the left, but were not satisfied.

People even ate ⁸  the flesh of their own arm! ⁹ 

Yesaya 13:8

13:8 They panic –

cramps and pain seize hold of them

like those of a woman who is straining to give birth.

They look at one another in astonishment;

their faces are flushed red. ¹⁰ 

Yesaya 13:14

13:14 Like a frightened gazelle ¹¹ 

or a sheep with no shepherd,

each will turn toward home, ¹² 

each will run to his homeland.

Yesaya 21:9

21:9 Look what’s coming!

A charioteer,

a team of horses.” ¹³ 

When questioned, he replies, ¹⁴ 

“Babylon has fallen, fallen!

All the idols of her gods lie shattered on the ground!”

Yesaya 31:7-8

31:7 For at that time ¹⁵  everyone will get rid of ¹⁶  the silver and gold idols your hands sinfully made. ¹⁷ 

31:8 Assyria will fall by a sword, but not one human-made; ¹⁸ 

a sword not made by humankind will destroy them. ¹⁹ 

They will run away from this sword ²⁰ 

and their young men will be forced to do hard labor.

Yesaya 32:2

32:2 Each of them ²¹  will be like a shelter from the wind

and a refuge from a rainstorm;

like streams of water in a dry region

and like the shade of a large cliff in a parched land.

Yesaya 36:18

36:18 Hezekiah is misleading you when he says, “The Lord will rescue us.” Has any of the gods of the nations rescued his land from the power of the king of Assyria? ²² 

Yesaya 44:13

44:13 A carpenter takes measurements; ²³ 

he marks out an outline of its form; ²⁴ 

he scrapes ²⁵  it with chisels,

and marks it with a compass.

He patterns it after the human form, ²⁶ 

like a well-built human being,

and puts it in a shrine. ²⁷ 

Yesaya 46:11

46:11 who summons an eagle ²⁸  from the east,

from a distant land, one who carries out my plan.

Yes, I have decreed, ²⁹ 

yes, I will bring it to pass;

I have formulated a plan,

yes, I will carry it out.

Yesaya 53:3

53:3 He was despised and rejected by people, ³⁰ 

one who experienced pain and was acquainted with illness;

people hid their faces from him; ³¹ 

he was despised, and we considered him insignificant. ³² 

Yesaya 56:11

56:11 The dogs have big appetites;

they are never full. ³³ 

They are shepherds who have no understanding;

they all go their own way,

each one looking for monetary gain. ³⁴ 

Yesaya 57:1

57:1 The godly ³⁵  perish,

but no one cares. ³⁶ 

Honest people disappear, ³⁷ 

when no one ³⁸  minds ³⁹ 

that the godly ⁴⁰  disappear ⁴¹  because of ⁴²  evil. ⁴³ 

Yesaya 59:16

The Lord Intervenes

59:16 He sees there is no advocate; ⁴⁴ 

he is shocked ⁴⁵  that no one intervenes.

So he takes matters into his own hands; ⁴⁶ 

his desire for justice drives him on. ⁴⁷ 

Yesaya 63:3

63:3 “I have stomped grapes in the winepress all by myself;

no one from the nations joined me.

I stomped on them ⁴⁸  in my anger;

I trampled them down in my rage.

Their juice splashed on my garments,

and stained ⁴⁹  all my clothes.

[3:6]  ¹ tn Heb “[in] the house of his father” (so ASV); NIV “at his father’s home.”

[3:6]  ² tn The words “and say” are supplied for stylistic reasons.

[3:6]  ³ tn Heb “your hand”; NASB “under your charge.”

[3:6]  sn The man’s motives are selfish. He tells his brother to assume leadership because he thinks he has some wealth to give away.

[9:19]  ⁴ tn The precise meaning of the verb עְתַּם (’ÿtam), which occurs only here, is uncertain, though the context strongly suggests that it means “burn, scorch.”

[9:19]  ⁵ sn The uncontrollable fire of the people’s wickedness (v. 18) is intensified by the fire of the Lord’s judgment (v. 19). God allows (or causes) their wickedness to become self-destructive as civil strife and civil war break out in the land.

[9:19]  ⁶ tn Heb “men were not showing compassion to their brothers.” The idiom “men to their brothers” is idiomatic for reciprocity. The prefixed verbal form is either a preterite without vav (ו) consecutive or an imperfect used in a customary sense, describing continual or repeated behavior in past time.

[9:20]  ⁷ tn Or “cut.” The verb גָּזַר (gazar) means “to cut.” If it is understood here, then one might paraphrase, “They slice off meat on the right.” However, HALOT 187 s.v. I גזר, proposes here a rare homonym meaning “to devour.”

[9:20]  ⁸ tn The prefixed verbal form is either a preterite without vav consecutive or an imperfect used in a customary sense, describing continual or repeated behavior in past time.

[9:20]  ⁹ tn Some suggest that זְרֹעוֹ (zÿro’o, “his arm”) be repointed זַרְעוֹ (zar’o, “his offspring”). In either case, the metaphor is that of a desperately hungry man who resorts to an almost unthinkable act to satisfy his appetite. He eats everything he can find to his right, but still being unsatisfied, then turns to his left and eats everything he can find there. Still being desperate for food, he then resorts to eating his own flesh (or offspring, as this phrase is metaphorically understood by some English versions, e.g., NIV, NCV, TEV, NLT). The reality behind the metaphor is the political turmoil of the period, as the next verse explains. There was civil strife within the northern kingdom; even the descendants of Joseph were at each other’s throats. Then the northern kingdom turned on their southern brother, Judah.

[13:8]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “their faces are faces of flames.” Their faces are flushed with fear and embarrassment.

[13:14]  ¹¹ tn Or “like a gazelle being chased.” The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.

[13:14]  ¹² tn Heb “his people” (cf. KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV) or “his nation” (cf. TEV “their own countries”).

[21:9]  ¹³ tn Or “[with] teams of horses,” or perhaps, “with a pair of horsemen.”

[21:9]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “and he answered and said” (so KJV, ASV).

[31:7]  ¹⁵ tn Or “in that day” (KJV).

[31:7]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “reject” (so NIV); NRSV, TEV, CEV, NLT “throw away.”

[31:7]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “the idols of their idols of silver and their idols of gold which your hands made for yourselves [in] sin.” חָטָא (khata’, “sin”) is understood as an adverbial accusative of manner. See J. N. Oswalt, Isaiah (NICOT), 1:573, n. 4.

[31:8]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “Assyria will fall by a sword, not of a man.”

[31:8]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and a sword not of humankind will devour him.”

[31:8]  ²⁰ tn Heb “he will flee for himself from before a sword.”

[32:2]  ²¹ tn Heb “a man,” but אִישׁ (’ish) probably refers here to “each” of the officials mentioned in the previous verse.

[36:18]  ²² tn Heb “Have the gods of the nations rescued, each his land, from the hand of the king of Assyria?” The rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course not!”

[44:13]  ²³ tn Heb “stretches out a line” (ASV similar); NIV “measures with a line.”

[44:13]  ²⁴ tn Heb “he makes an outline with the [?].” The noun שֶׂרֶד (shered) occurs only here; it apparently refers to some type of tool or marker. Cf. KJV “with a line”; ASV “with a pencil”; NAB, NRSV “with a stylus”; NASB “with red chalk”; NIV “with a marker.”

[44:13]  ²⁵ tn Heb “works” (so NASB) or “fashions” (so NRSV); NIV “he roughs it out.”

[44:13]  ²⁶ tn Heb “he makes it like the pattern of a man”; NAB “like a man in appearance.”

[44:13]  ²⁷ tn Heb “like the glory of man to sit [in] a house”; NIV “that it may dwell in a shrine.”

[46:11]  ²⁸ tn Or, more generally, “a bird of prey” (so NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV; see 18:6).

[46:11]  ²⁹ tn Heb “spoken”; KJV “I have spoken it.”

[53:3]  ³⁰ tn Heb “lacking of men.” If the genitive is taken as specifying (“lacking with respect to men”), then the idea is that he lacked company because he was rejected by people. Another option is to take the genitive as indicating genus or larger class (i.e., “one lacking among men”). In this case one could translate, “he was a transient” (cf. the use of חָדֵל [khadel] in Ps 39:5 HT [39:4 ET]).

[53:3]  ³¹ tn Heb “like a hiding of the face from him,” i.e., “like one before whom the face is hidden” (see BDB 712 s.v. מַסְתֵּר).

[53:3]  ³² sn The servant is likened to a seriously ill person who is shunned by others because of his horrible disease.

[56:11]  ³³ sn The phrase never full alludes to the greed of the leaders.

[56:11]  ³⁴ tn Heb “for his gain from his end.”

[57:1]  ³⁵ tn Or “righteous” (KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NAB “the just man”; TEV “Good people.”

[57:1]  ³⁶ tn Or perhaps, “understands.” Heb “and there is no man who sets [it] upon [his] heart.”

[57:1]  ³⁷ tn Heb “Men of loyalty are taken away.” The Niphal of אָסַף (’asaf) here means “to die.”

[57:1]  ³⁸ tn The Hebrew term בְּאֵין (bÿ’en) often has the nuance “when there is no.” See Prov 8:24; 11;14; 14:4; 15:22; 26:20; 29:18.

[57:1]  ³⁹ tn Or “realizes”; Heb “understands” (so NASB, NIV, NRSV).

[57:1]  ⁴⁰ tn Or “righteous” (KJV, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT); NAB “the just man.”

[57:1]  ⁴¹ tn Heb “are taken away.” The Niphal of אָסַף (’asaf) here means “to die.”

[57:1]  ⁴² tn The term מִפְּנֵי (mippÿne, “from the face of”) often has a causal nuance. It also appears with the Niphal of אָסַף (’asaph, “gather”) in 2 Chr 12:5: אֲשֶׁר־נֶאֶסְפוּ אֶל־יְרוּשָׁלַם מִפְּנֵי שִׁישָׁק (’asher-ne’esphu ’el-yÿrushalam mippÿney shishaq, “who had gathered at Jerusalem because of [i.e., due to fear of] Shishak”).

[57:1]  ⁴³ tn The translation assumes that this verse, in proverbial fashion, laments society’s apathy over the persecution of the godly. The second half of the verse observes that such apathy results in more widespread oppression. Since the next verse pictures the godly being taken to a place of rest, some interpret the second half of v. 1 in a more positive vein. According to proponents of this view, God removes the godly so that they might be spared suffering and calamity, a fact which the general populace fails to realize.

[59:16]  ⁴⁴ tn Heb “man” (so KJV, ASV); TEV “no one to help.”

[59:16]  ⁴⁵ tn Or “appalled” (NAB, NIV, NRSV), or “disgusted.”

[59:16]  ⁴⁶ tn Heb “and his arm delivers for him.”

[59:16]  ⁴⁷ tn Heb “and his justice [or “righteousness”] supports him.”

[63:3]  ⁴⁸ sn Nations, headed by Edom, are the object of the Lord’s anger (see v. 6). He compares military slaughter to stomping on grapes in a vat.

[63:3]  ⁴⁹ tn Heb “and I stained.” For discussion of the difficult verb form, see HALOT 170 s.v. II גאל. Perhaps the form is mixed, combining the first person forms of the imperfect (note the alef prefix) and perfect (note the תי- ending).